Sources:
Books
Marshal JS. A Manual of the Injuries and Diseases of the Face, Mouth, and Jaws. Philadelphia, PA: S.S. White Dental Manufacturing Company; 1902. https://archive.org/details/manualofinjuries00mars.
Marshal JS. Principal and Practice of Operative Dentistry. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1920. https://archive.org/details/principlespra00mars.
Newspapers:
The Army Dentists. Evening Star. July 13, 1901:8.
The Army Dentists. Times. February 8, 1901:7.
Army Reorganization. Record Union. December 21, 1898:6.
That Army Bill. St. Paul Globe. June 7, 1901:1.
Journals/papers:
Marshall JS. Organization of the Dental Corps of the U. S. Army, with suggestions upon the educational requirements for military dental practice. Report to 1901 National Dental Association meeting. http://history.amedd.army.mil/corps/dental/general/marshall_report.html. Accessed December 1, 2013.
Scully P. Our Founder, Life of John Marshall. Association of Army Dentistry, as presented at the Ft. Carson 98th Army Dental Corps Anniversary. March 1, 2009. http://www.associationofarmydentistry.org/?page_id=107. Accessed November 29, 2013.
Vail WD. John Sayre Marshall, Pioneer Army Dental Surgeon. Dental Bulletin. 1940;11(3). http://history.amedd.army.mil/corps/dental/general/vail/jsm.html. Accessed November 29, 2013.
Websites
Cant hook. Wikipedia website. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant_hook. Accessed November 28, 2013.
Upholstery hammer. Wikipedia website. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upholstery_hammer. Accessed November 28, 2013.
Related Reading
From the moment he took office, Dr. Marshall fought for the inclusion of dentists within the officers ranks. He finally attained his dream in 1911, at age 65, when Congress authorized a dental corps made up of officers. He was the first dentist commissioned as a first lieutenant -- the same day that he was forced to retire from the army because of mandatory age limitations. A few weeks later, he was advanced to the grade of captain by including his Civil War service for pension purposes -- likely a pat on the back for a job well done.
Army life as a result of the new contract organization "will be one grand, sweet song," according to a Washington Evening Star newspaper reporter in 1901. "There will be no more twisting of molars, lacerating of gums, boring of bones, breaking, smashing, or splintering of the maxillary property. There will be no more thrusting of blacksmith's tools, turnkeys, or miniature cant hooks into the terrorized face of the soldier victim by the hospital steward, and no more of the unnecessary pain, tribulation, and disfigurement attending the operation of filling or pulling a tooth in the army."
Dr. Marshall certainly saw to that. Today, every member of the U.S. armed services enjoys the benefits of the pioneering efforts of Dr. Marshall -- the man recognized as the father of army dentistry.
Dr. Marshall retired to Berkeley, CA, where he became affiliated with the University of California. He volunteered to return to duty for World War I, but his services were declined due to his age. He continued to research and write about the science of dentistry until the day he died in 1922. He was 76.
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'You're in the army now':
2 mules and a folding chair
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