* Institute of Medicine. Allied Health Services: Avoiding Crises. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;1989:23.
* To fix the army's teeth. Dr. Albert C. Fones will teach 1,000 nurses to do minor dental work. New York Times. June 9, 1917:3.
* What decayed teeth cost. Logan Republican. May 17, 1917:5.
Websites
**Alfred Fones, Irene Newman, and the dental hygiene revolution. Bridgeport Library website. http://bportlibrary.org/hc/uncategorized/dr-alfred-fones. Accessed June 9, 2013.
**American Dental Association. Statement from Dr. William Calnon, president, American Dental Association on New York City's ban of large-size sugary beverages. http://www.ada.org/7124.aspx. Published September 13, 2012. Accessed June 13, 2013.
**Dental hygiene began here. University of Bridgeport Fones School of Dentistry website. http://www.bridgeport.edu/academics/schools-colleges/fones-school-dental-hygiene/history. Accessed June 11, 2013.
**Dental hygiene movement started in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Bridgeport Public Schools website. http://bridgeport.ct.schoolwebpages.com/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=22838. Accessed June 11, 2013.
**Devlin S. Dental hygiene, facts from history. http://dentalhygienistwwh.weebly.com/dh-facts-from-history.html. Published January 20, 2011. Accessed June 15, 2013.
**Gladstone R, Garcia WM. Dental Hygiene: Reflection on our past, preparing for our future. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Dental+hygiene%3A+reflecting+on+our+past,+preparing+for+our+future.-a0171579843. Published November 1, 2007. Accessed June 18, 2013.
**Louis Pasteur. Wikipedia website. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur. Accessed June 12, 2013.
**Newsreel. Wikipedia website. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsreel. Accessed June 16, 2013.
**Willoughby D. Miller. Wikipedia website. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_D._Miller. Accessed June 12, 2013.
Email correspondence
**Shannon O'Dell, curator of the Sindecuse Museum of Dentistry, University of Michigan, June 17, 2013.
**Wanda Nelson, RDH, BSDH, Fones School of Dental Hygiene, Bridgeport University, June 16 and 19, 2013.
Related Reading
**Doc Holliday: History's most notorious dentist, June 11, 2013
**Toothsome Rex': The president with the winning smile, April 19, 2013
**Les Misérables and Anne Hathaway's teeth, February 21, 2013
**The dental technician's kiss, December 26, 2012
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sugars in fruit and milk and on the sugar made by their bodies from the intake of starchy food, such as bread, potatoes, and cereals."
Goudiss went on to observe that Dr. Fones had declared "the taste for sugar is developed in children by feeding them sweetened foods, and that often sugar takes the place of the more wholesome foods and [these] forms of sweetened foods or candy ferment on the teeth."
Dr. Fones died in 1938 at the age of 69. By then, 19 dental hygiene schools were operating throughout the U.S. In 1947, his dental hygiene school reopened at the Bridgeport Community College and was eventually absorbed by the University of Bridgeport (circa 1958).
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of dental hygiene. It largely came about because of the vision of two men: Dr. Willoughby Miller, the discoverer, and Dr. Alfred Fones, the implementer. Dental hygiene needed both to become a reality. One man's idea became the other's cause.
References
Journals/periodicals
* Beres S. WDHA - 50 Years! Wyoming Dental Hygienist Newsletter. Summer 2007.
* Beyer HG. International Hygiene Exhibit at Dresden. Popular Science Monthly. 1912;80:105-128.
* Children's teeth. Ogden Standard. October 15, 1919:5.
* The dental hygienist takes her place beside the dentist. Popular Science Monthly.1917;91:387.
* Goudiss CH. Feeding the children. Citizen (Berea, KY), June 24, 1920:6.
* Institute of Medicine. Allied Health Services: Avoiding Crises. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;1989:23.
* To fix the army's teeth. Dr. Albert C. Fones will teach 1,000 nurses to do minor dental work. New York Times. June 9, 1917:3.
* What decayed teeth cost. Logan Republican. May 17, 1917:5.
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How 2 Men Changed Dentistry Forever
E-MAIL ME ddemers901@sonic.net